对于生物伦理，做基础研究的我，没细想过
回国休假跟做试管婴儿的朋友聊天，她说他们会提前诊断受精卵有没有某种疾病，我脱口问道，那发现有问题怎么办？修改基因吗？她说筛选没问题的受精卵做试管婴儿，有问题的就弃了。
但可以从我的提问看出我明显没有思考这中间的伦理问题。

从我理解的科学的角度来说，已知CCR5敲除会产生免疫缺陷，crispr技术又不成熟off-target作用也没有搞明白的情况下，直接弄出个基因编辑婴儿肯定是疯了吧！
那么如果这些技术都成熟，基因编辑婴儿可行吗？
if you are having a child, would you want to pick and choose their traits?
is this even ethical? and how far can the use of these technologies actually go?
关于生物伦理,下面的3个段子应该可以非常好的解答这个问题

designer baby 的定义
designer baby refers to one whose genetic makeup has been altered or chosen to provide the desired genome

基因编辑技术不止3个，基础研究中会用到的敲除敲降技术有好几个
这个段子讲了三个跟designer baby相关的, involve manipulating fertilized eggs before in-vitro fertilization
第一个pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
这就是我朋友说的筛选，这个其实没有进行真正的基因编辑
doesn't involve any gene editing, instead it involves choosing between viable eggs for the one that best satisfies what the parents want
第二个技术TALENs, transcription activator-like effector nucleases
第三个是CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
这个技术无疑是近几年的网红了
总之，in theory，这两个技术都可以allow edits to be made to any part of the genome

问题来了，can these methods be used on humans？

目前，pre-implantation genetic diagnosis已经用于人类
另外两个目前还不成熟there remains a long way to go before the other two methods are deemed safe enough for human use

第一个技术，最常用于筛选疾病
the most common type of screening is for diseases particularly for couples who are at high risk of passing them on to their offspring
用于筛选其他，比如智力，性格等，仍有争议甚至违法
screening for other aspects remain highly controversial and, in most countries, illegal

基因编辑可以改变很多特征，未来制造X-men都不是不可能
what if you could increase brain function, muscle mass or eyesight, lifespans could be lengthened or perhaps new human abilities could be developed so much so that creating real-life x-men could come within the realm of possibility

如果可以，我们的生活会怎样？
but we have to wonder how will this change society？

即使违规，未来某个时刻基因编辑婴儿会变得流行
while regulations prohibit these types of changes, the technology will become so prevalent that more complex designer babies are sure to happen at some point

好处有很多there are clear benefits to this.
it would reduce genetic and inherited diseases or conditions
the child would have a better chance to succeed in life
lifespans would increase and children could be given genes that their parents don't possess

坏处也不少a number of negatives are associated with this as well
there would be an increased number of terminated embryos which many believe already constitute as living beings筛选后放弃的胚胎也是生命啊
there could be damage to the overall gene pool
children would have no choice on how their genes were altered
and there would be a loss of individuality as everyone became more like of genetic ideal这个可以参考整容流行之后的网红脸
furthermore, some genes could have multiple purposes, and if changed could have wildly unpredictable consequences and it could lead to the development of new diseases and vulnerabilities 很多基因都是多功能的，改变基因会产生无法预知的后果
we risk eliminating different people from society and that is a problem
the process of designing a baby will also be incredibly expensive at least in the beginning
this means that it would be something only accessible to the rich and lead to further inequalities in society

最大的伦理问题是：谁来决定好与坏呢？
the main ethical issues about gene modification is the question of who determines which traits are good or bad

实验中样品出错可以销毁
那么基因编辑婴儿出错呢？
其实这不是一个新段子
the ability to create designer babies is far closer than we might think and in some cases is already taking place
这一句也算是预言了

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